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Analysing Security and Privacy Threats in Next-Generation IoT Systems: A Review of Emerging Challenges and Mitigation Approaches

Authors:
Dhina Suresh, M. Karthikeyan, V. Kalpana

Addresses:
Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science for Women, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Computer Science, M.G.R. College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract:

The Internet of Things (IoT) is undergoing continual transformation, fundamentally reshaping industries by enabling seamless connectivity and autonomous interactions among smart devices. Emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), edge and fog computing, blockchain, and advanced 5G/6G communication networks, are driving the evolution of IoT systems. These innovations have improved the efficiency, scalability, and intelligence of IoT networks, supporting real-time data analytics, autonomous decision-making, and context-aware functionalities. This paper provides an in-depth review of the architectures, enabling technologies, and security strategies that characterise next-generation IoT ecosystems. It examines how intelligent systems facilitate adaptive control and resilience, with a focus on application areas like autonomous transportation, smart healthcare, and industrial automation. Additionally, the review discusses the increasing relevance of data-driven architectures, decentralised frameworks, and blockchain-based trust models in promoting self-organising and self-healing IoT environments. By synthesising the latest research trends and technological advances, this review offers a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners. It aims to inform the design and implementation of secure, efficient, and future-ready IoT ecosystems equipped to meet the evolving challenges of digital infrastructures. This revised version enhances your original content by improving precision and readability while preserving your main ideas.

Keywords: Next-Generation IoT; Smart Devices; Edge Computing; Artificial Intelligence; IoT Architecture; Security Mechanisms; Smart Cities; Industrial IoT; Machine Learning.

Received on: 03/11/2024, Revised on: 28/01/2025, Accepted on: 06/03/2025, Published on: 07/09/2025

DOI: 10.69888/FTSCS.2025.000475

FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Computing Systems, 2025 Vol. 3 No. 3, Pages: 166-175

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