Authors:
Jouma Ali Al-Mohamad, Mykhailo Paslavskyi, Julio Suárez Albanchez, Wirote Ritthong, Thanwamas Phasinam, V. Maheshwaran Vanniyaraj

Addresses:
Department of Computer and Mobile Communication Engineering, Faculty of Information Engineering, Al-Shahbaa Private University, Aleppo, Syria. Department of Computer Science, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. Department of Information Systems Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Altagracia, Ciudad Real, Spain. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shinawatra University, Bang Toei, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Faculty of Engineering, Land Reform Area Development Bureau, Bangkok, Thailand. Department of MLops Product Engineering, Scien.co, Osaka, Japan.

Abstract:

Syria’s digital reconstruction offers a unique opportunity to deploy a next-generation distributed computing infrastructure that leverages three strategic international gateways (IGWs): a submarine cable from Cyprus to Tartus (10 Tbps), a terrestrial link from Jordan to Damascus (10 Tbps), and a terrestrial link from Turkey to Aleppo (10 Tbps). This paper proposes and rigorously evaluates a hybrid edge cloud architecture comprising three regional edge nodes (Damascus, Aleppo, and Coastal) and a central cloud in Homs, all interconnected via an ultra-high-speed domestic backbone (10 Tbps). Using analytical models and simulations, researchers demonstrate that edge nodes reduce end-to-end latency to <0.5 ms locally (10–20× improvement over cloud-only), cut backbone traffic by 99% through intelligent preprocessing, and ensure full compliance with the Syrian data residency law (Law No. 12/2016). Furthermore, the integration of 10 Tbps IGWs enables low-latency international peering (RTT ≤ 2.9 ms from the coast to Europe) while preserving data sovereignty. Total cost of ownership (TCO) is reduced by 52% compared to a cloud-only model, even with 10× higher capacity. Researchers provide a comprehensive set of Mermaid-based diagrams and tables quantifying latency, bandwidth, cost, and failover scenarios. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for the Syrian Ministry of Communications and Technology and international partners.

Keywords: Edge Computing; Cloud Computing; Syrian Network; International Gateways (IGWs); Data Residency; Ultra Low Latency; Fog Computing; Mermaid Diagrams; Wide Area Network (WAN).

Received on: 08/06/2025, Revised on: 03/08/2025, Accepted on: 02/11/2025, Published on: 10/08/2026

DOI: 10.69888/FTSCS.2026.000720

FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Computing Systems, 2026 Vol. 4 No. 3, Pages: 174-186

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