FMDB is committed to publishing high-quality, original, and ethically conducted scholarly research that advances knowledge across a broad range of academic disciplines. We welcome submissions of original research articles, review articles, case studies, technical papers, short communications, and other scholarly contributions that fall within the aims and scope of our journals. All manuscripts submitted to FMDB are evaluated through a rigorous double-blind peer review process and are assessed solely on their scholarly merit, originality, scientific quality, methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and relevance to the journal's scope. Editorial decisions are made independently and are not influenced by commercial interests or Article Processing Charges (APCs).

Before You Submit

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should ensure that:

• The manuscript is original and has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
• The submission complies with the journal's Instructions for Authors and formatting requirements.
• All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.
• The research complies with applicable ethical standards.
• All necessary permissions have been obtained for copyrighted material.
• Any conflicts of interest and funding sources have been disclosed.

Authors are encouraged to read the journal's Instructions for Authors, Submission Checklist, and Article Preparation Guidelines before beginning the submission process.

Manuscript Submission

FMDB accepts manuscripts exclusively through its online editorial system.

During submission, authors should provide:

• Complete author names, affiliations, and ORCID iDs (where available)
• Contact information for the corresponding author
• A cover letter (where required)
• Funding information
• Conflict of Interest Statement
• Data Availability Statement (where applicable)
• Ethical approval and informed consent statements (when required)

Supporting documents requested by the Editorial Office should be submitted promptly, quoting the manuscript submission ID in all correspondence.

Originality and Exclusive Submission

Submitted manuscripts must represent original work.

Authors must confirm that:

• The manuscript has not been published previously.
• The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.
• The submission does not contain plagiarized material.
• All authors have approved the submission.

If authors wish to submit a manuscript elsewhere, they must first formally withdraw the manuscript from FMDB before submitting it to another publisher. Conference papers may be considered only where they have been substantially extended and the original conference publication is fully disclosed and appropriately cited.

Authorship

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work.

Before submission, authors should agree on:

• The order of authors
• The corresponding author
• Institutional affiliations

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors during peer review must be approved by all authors and supported by a written explanation. Authorship changes after acceptance are permitted only in exceptional circumstances and at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief.

Suggested Reviewers

Authors may be invited to suggest qualified independent reviewers during submission.

Suggested reviewers should:

• Have appropriate expertise in the subject area
• Be free from conflicts of interest
• Not belong to the same institution as any author
• Preferably include experts from different countries

The Editor retains full discretion regarding reviewer selection, and suggested reviewers may or may not be invited to review the manuscript.

Publication Ethics

FMDB follows the COPE Core Practices and internationally recognized standards of publication ethics.

Authors are expected to:

• Submit original research
• Avoid plagiarism, duplicate publication, and data fabrication or falsification
• Obtain ethical approval where required
• Disclose conflicts of interest
• Accurately report research findings
• Cooperate fully during editorial investigations where necessary

All manuscripts are screened using Crossref Similarity Check powered by iThenticate before peer review.

Copyright and Open Access

Authors retain copyright in their published work. Upon acceptance, authors grant FMDB a non-exclusive license to publish, archive, distribute, and identify itself as the original publisher of the work. Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence, which permits users to copy, redistribute, adapt, remix, and share the work for non-commercial purposes, provided appropriate attribution is given and derivative works are distributed under the same licence.

Author Rights

Authors may:

• Retain copyright of their work.
• Share the published article in accordance with the Creative Commons licence.
• Deposit the published version in institutional or subject repositories.
• Use the article for teaching, research, and other non-commercial scholarly purposes.
• Cite the article using its Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

The corresponding author will receive the final published PDF once the article has been published.

Privacy

FMDB respects the privacy of authors, reviewers, and readers. Personal information, including names, affiliations, email addresses, and other contact details, is collected solely for editorial and publication purposes and is processed in accordance with the FMDB Privacy Policy. Personal information will not be sold or disclosed to third parties except where necessary for publication, indexing, archiving, or as required by law.

Submission Checklist

Before submitting your manuscript, please ensure that all of the following requirements have been satisfied:

Manuscript Preparation

• The manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration by another journal.
• The manuscript falls within the aims and scope of the selected FMDB journal.
• The manuscript has been prepared in accordance with the journal's Instructions for Authors, including formatting, structure, and the required citation and reference style (IEEE or the journal-specific style, where applicable).
• The title, abstract, keywords, figures, tables, and references have been carefully reviewed for accuracy, consistency, and completeness.
• All figures, tables, illustrations, and supplementary materials are of publication quality, appropriately numbered, and cited within the text.
• References have been checked for accuracy, completeness, and consistency with the required citation style.

Author Information

• All authors have made substantial contributions to the work, meet the journal's authorship criteria, and have approved the final version of the manuscript.
• The corresponding author has obtained the consent of all co-authors before submission.
• Author names, affiliations, ORCID iDs (where available), and contact information are complete and accurate.
• The manuscript file prepared for double-blind peer review does not contain author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, or any identifying information.

Ethical Compliance

• All applicable ethical approvals have been obtained and are clearly stated in the manuscript (e.g., Institutional Review Board (IRB), Ethics Committee approval, or Animal Ethics Committee approval).
• Human participant studies include a statement confirming informed consent where applicable.
• Animal studies comply with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines.
• Any use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools has been disclosed in accordance with the journal's AI Policy.
• All potential conflicts of interest have been disclosed.
• All sources of funding, grant numbers, and the role of the funder (if any) have been declared.

Supporting Files

All required files have been uploaded, including:

• Main manuscript
• Title page (where required)
• Figures and tables
• Supplementary materials (if applicable)
• Cover letter (if required)
• Ethical approval documents (where applicable)

Final Verification

• The manuscript has been carefully proofread for grammar, spelling, and language quality.
• All required declarations have been completed.
• All metadata entered during online submission (title, abstract, keywords, author details, funding information, etc.) exactly matches the manuscript.
• The submission complies with all journal policies on publication ethics, research integrity, authorship, and Open Access.

Carefully reviewing this checklist before submission will help facilitate a timely editorial assessment and an efficient double-blind peer review process.

Ethical Compliance

• All authors meet the journal's authorship criteria.
• Any conflicts of interest have been fully disclosed.
• All sources of funding have been acknowledged.
• Ethical approval and informed consent statements have been included where required.
• Appropriate permissions have been obtained for any copyrighted material reproduced from other sources.
• The manuscript complies with FMDB's Publication Ethics Policy and the COPE Core Practices.

Anonymous Peer Review

To preserve the integrity of the double-blind peer review process:

• The main manuscript file must not contain author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, or any information that could identify the authors.
• Author details should be provided only through the online submission system or in the designated title page.
• Personal information should also be removed from the document properties (metadata), where applicable.

File Preparation

Please ensure that:

• The manuscript has been prepared using the journal's preferred file format (Microsoft Word or LaTeX, where applicable).
• A PDF version may be uploaded for review if requested by the journal.
• All supplementary files have been uploaded separately, where appropriate.

Suggested Reviewers

Authors may be invited to recommend qualified independent reviewers.

Suggested reviewers should:

• Have recognized expertise in the relevant subject area.
• Have no conflicts of interest with any of the authors.
• Not be from the same institution as any author.
• Preferably represent different institutions or countries.

The Editor retains full discretion in selecting reviewers, and suggested reviewers may or may not be invited to participate in the peer review process.

Before Final Submission

Please verify that:

• All required submission files have been uploaded.
• Author names and affiliations are accurate.
• ORCID iDs have been provided where available.
• References have been checked for completeness and accuracy.
• All required declarations and supporting documents have been included.
• The corresponding author has reviewed the submission and confirmed that all co-authors approve the submission.

After Submission

Once submitted, every manuscript undergoes the following editorial process:

1. Initial editorial assessment
2. Scope and technical evaluation
3. Similarity screening using Crossref Similarity Check (iThenticate)
4. Double-blind peer review by independent expert reviewers
5. Editorial decision based on reviewer recommendations
6. Author revision, where required
7. Final editorial decision
8. Production, proofreading, and publication

Editorial decisions may include:

• Accept
• Minor Revision
• Major Revision
• Revise and Resubmit
• Reject

The final decision regarding publication rests solely with the Editor-in-Chief. Where revisions are requested, authors should submit a revised manuscript together with a detailed response to reviewer comments. After acceptance, the corresponding author will receive page proofs for final review. Proof corrections should be limited to typographical or production errors and returned within the timeframe specified by the Editorial Office.

Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the journal and all co-authors throughout the editorial and publication process.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

• Ensuring that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript.
• Managing communication with the Editorial Office.
• Coordinating responses to reviewer comments.
• Reviewing and approving publication proofs.
• Ensuring that all required publication forms and declarations are completed prior to publication.

The corresponding author acts on behalf of all co-authors during the peer review and publication process.

Getting Ready to Prepare an Article

FMDB is committed to publishing high-quality, original, and ethically conducted research. Authors should carefully read the Instructions for Authors, Publication Ethics Policy, and Submission Checklist before preparing and submitting a manuscript.

Manuscript Preparation

Authors should prepare manuscripts in clear, concise, and grammatically correct English (British or American English may be used consistently throughout the manuscript). Authors whose first language is not English are encouraged to have their manuscripts professionally edited or reviewed by a fluent English speaker before submission.

The manuscript should be prepared using Microsoft Word. Use a clear, readable font (e.g., Times New Roman, 10–12 pt) with appropriate spacing and margins. Templates are provided only to assist manuscript preparation; accepted manuscripts will be professionally typeset by FMDB during production.

Original research articles are generally expected to contain approximately 4,000–8,000 words, although shorter or longer manuscripts may be considered where justified by the nature of the research.

Manuscript Structure

Unless otherwise specified by the journal, manuscripts should normally include the following sections:

• Title 
• Abstract 
• Keywords (3–8 keywords) 
• Introduction 
• Literature Review (where appropriate; mandatory for review papers, optional for original research articles) 
• Materials and Methods (or Methodology) 
• Results 
• Discussion (or Results and Discussion, where appropriate) 
• Conclusions 
• Limitations and Future Research (or Future Scope, where appropriate) 
• Acknowledgements (where applicable) 
• Funding Statement 
• Conflict of Interest Declaration 
• Author Contributions (recommended; CRediT taxonomy may be used) 
• Data Availability Statement 
• Ethical Approval Statement (where applicable, for research involving humans or animals) 
• Informed Consent Statement (where applicable) 
• AI Disclosure Statement (where applicable) 
• References 
• Figures and Tables 
• Supplementary Materials (where applicable)

For double-blind peer review, the main manuscript must not contain author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, ORCID iDs, or any information that could reveal the identity of the authors. Author details should be provided separately during online submission.

Title, Abstract, and Keywords

• The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript.
• Avoid unnecessary abbreviations and acronyms in the title.
• The abstract should normally not exceed 250 words and should briefly describe the objectives, methodology, principal findings, and conclusions.
• Authors should provide 3–8 keywords that accurately describe the subject of the manuscript and facilitate indexing and discoverability.

Figures and Tables

Figures and tables should be of high publication quality and cited sequentially within the text.

• Submit figures in high-resolution formats suitable for publication.
• Number all figures and tables consecutively.
• Provide descriptive captions for every figure and table.
• Ensure that all figures and tables are original or reproduced with appropriate permission and acknowledgement where required.

Colour figures may be published online where appropriate.

References

FMDB journals use the IEEE citation and referencing style, unless otherwise specified by the individual journal.

References should:

• Be numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text.
• Be cited using square brackets (e.g., [1], [2]; [4]).
• Include complete bibliographic information.
• Where available, include the DOI for published articles.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all references are accurate, complete, and correctly formatted.

International Readership

FMDB journals serve an international scholarly audience. Authors are encouraged to write for readers from diverse disciplines and countries by:

• Defining technical terms where appropriate
• Avoiding unnecessary local abbreviations
• Explaining references to national organizations, legislation, or standards that may not be familiar to international readers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

FMDB follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

• AI tools (such as ChatGPT or other generative AI systems) cannot be listed as authors or co-authors.
• Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of all submitted content, including any content generated or assisted by AI.
• Any substantial use of AI during manuscript preparation must be disclosed in the manuscript (typically within the Acknowledgements or a dedicated AI Disclosure Statement).
• Routine tools used solely for spelling, grammar checking, language editing, or reference management do not require disclosure.

Before Submission

Prior to submission, authors should ensure that:

• The manuscript complies with the journal's formatting requirements.
• All required declarations have been completed.
• Ethical approval has been obtained where applicable.
• Conflict of Interest, Funding, Data Availability, and AI Disclosure statements have been included where required.
• All figures, tables, and supplementary files have been uploaded.
• The manuscript has been carefully proofread.

International Diversity and Citation Ethics

FMDB Transactions follows a publisher-neutral and internationally oriented approach to scholarly publishing. Authors are responsible for selecting references based on their relevance, scholarly quality, accuracy, originality, and necessity. Authors must not add references merely to increase the citation count of an author, journal, publisher, institution, or research group. Authors are not required or encouraged to cite FMDB publications, publications of editors or editorial board members, or publications from any particular publisher. Books and book chapters are acceptable scholarly sources when they are genuinely relevant to the research. However, authors should avoid unnecessary concentration of references from a single publisher, journal, institution, or author group when equally relevant independent sources are available.

Authors are encouraged to engage with appropriate recent peer-reviewed literature and primary research while also citing foundational books and seminal works when these are necessary for the theoretical or conceptual basis of the study. All references must be accurate, verifiable, and directly relevant to the manuscript. Authors must not participate in reciprocal citation arrangements, citation manipulation, citation stacking, or other practices designed primarily to influence bibliometric indicators. Geographic diversity of authors is encouraged through broad international scholarly participation. However, manuscripts will never be accepted or rejected merely to artificially increase representation from a particular country. All manuscripts are evaluated according to scholarly quality, originality, relevance, methodology, and peer-review standards.

Submitting Your Manuscript

All manuscripts must be submitted electronically through the FMDB Online Submission and Peer Review System.

Before submitting, authors are encouraged to review:

• Instructions for Authors
• Submission Checklist
• Publication Ethics Policy
• Copyright and Licensing Policy

Authors submitting for the first time should create an account in the online submission system. Existing authors may log in using their registered credentials. After submission, authors can securely monitor the progress of their manuscript throughout editorial assessment, peer review, revision, and final publication.

FMDB Online Submission System

Authors may submit manuscripts through the FMDB Online Submission and Peer Review System:

https://www.fmdbpub.com/user/front/login

For technical assistance with the submission system, please contact:

Email: submissions@fmdbpub.com

Please include the journal title and, where applicable, the manuscript identification number in all correspondence with the Editorial Office.