Authors:
P. Srinivasan, K. Arulvendhan, B. Vidyut, C. Elayaraja, Dinka Lale

Addresses:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Applied Computing, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Abstract:

Design, control, and experimental validation of a non-isolated high-gain quadratic DC–DC boost converter with exact PWM generation utilizing a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller. Instead of transformer isolation or coupled inductors, the converter topology boosts voltage with two inductors, a capacitor, a diode network, and a controlled switch. Converters eliminate current ripple, balance capacitor voltages, and maximize conversion efficiency in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The output stage diode capacitor ladder multiplies voltage to provide quadratic gain in renewable energy systems, electric vehicle DC links, and other high-step-up ratio applications. A dynamic duty cycle regulator optimizes performance across load and voltage situations in the DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller's FOPID controller. The controller offers superior transient response, reduced overshoot, and enhanced output voltage stability compared to standard controllers. We provide analytical modeling for switch ON and OFF states, as well as design equations for component sizing, duty cycle selection, and loss calculation. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation and hardware testing confirm theoretical predictions. Experimental results with a 15 V DC input and resistive load demonstrate that the output voltages increase from 68 V at a 0.4 duty cycle to 112 V at a 0.65 duty cycle, resulting in a gain of 1.65. Converter efficiency ranges from 86.3% at low switching frequencies to 93.4% at 25 kHz, resulting in a reduction of voltage ripple from 2.8 V to 1.4 V. 

Keywords: Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter; Quadratic Boost Converter; Component Sizing; Fractional-Order PID (FOPID) Controller; Renewable Energy; Power Generation; Carbon Emissions.

Received on: 01/08/2024, Revised on: 08/10/2024, Accepted on: 24/12/2024, Published on: 12/11/2025

DOI: 10.69888/FTSES.2025.000473

FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Energy Sequence, 2025 Vol. 3 No. 2, Pages: 107-119

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