Authors:
Nabil Akbar Sukandar Putra, Muhammad Luthfi, Rafli Andrean, Lili Nurlaili, Yoanna Francisca Sulistyorini, S. Marissa L. Mayrena, Rolando P. Quinnones

Addresses:
Leprindo Jakarta Academy of Optician Refraction, Jakarta, Indonesia. Department of Education Management, University of Pamulang, Pamulang, Indonesia. Department of English, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.

Abstract:

Binocular vision provides single vision, stereopsis, and a large range of view for varied tasks. Binocular vision involves sensory and motor integration. Any disruption of these fusions causes heterophoria, a visual axis deviation. Untreated heterophoria can produce diplopia, eye discomfort, blurred vision, dizziness, and headaches. Maddox Wing and Maddox Rod procedures examine near lateral heterophoria. This quantitative-comparative study involves 376 pupils. Leprindo Jakarta Academy of Refraction Opticians students make up the Slovin formula sample 100. At the ARO Leprindo Jakarta campus, observational sampling meets the inclusion criteria. Women comprise 54% of the participants, while men comprise 46%. 85 participants (85%) are 17–25, while 2 (2%) are 31–40. Most subjects had N6 (85%) and N5 (15%) habitual near vision. According to Maddox Wing exams, 74% of individuals had exophoria, and 6% had orthophoria. Maddox Rod exams showed exophoria in 67 subjects (67%) and orthophoria in 14. Prism magnitude: Maddox Wing: 4–6 Δ BI in 30%, 7–10 Δ in 6%; Maddox Rod: 4–6 Δ BI in 22%, 1–3 Δ in 13%. According to this study, the Maddox Wing and Maddox Rod approach yield different near-lateral heterophoria findings. A paired sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.145.

Keywords: ARO Leprindo; Maddox Rod; Heterophoria and Maddox Wing; Focuses Solely; Binocular Vision Capabilities; Exophoria and Distorted Image; Divergence Insufficiency.

Received on: 23/05/2024, Revised on: 20/08/2024, Accepted on: 02/10/2024, Published on: 03/12/2024

DOI: 10.69888/FTSHSL.2024.000274

FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Health Science Letters, 2024 Vol. 2 No. 4, Pages: 198-210

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