Authors:
R. J. Shwetha, B. S. Pradeep, T. Shreekumar

Addresses:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Mijar, Moodabidri, Karnataka, India.

Abstract:

The goal of this study is to develop and test an integrated healthcare system that combines Blockchain, Digital Twins, Explainable AI (xAI), and Augmented Reality (AR) to overcome limitations in security, transparency, predictive power, and patient engagement. The work proposed has three main goals: first, real-time monitoring through the development of IoT-based digital twins that synchronize continuously patient and equipment data for precise detection of anomalies; second, early progression prediction through the embedding of predictive models inside the digital twin architecture to forecast deterioration trajectories and issue proactive alerts; and third, as a possible long-term extension, to investigate individualize treatment assessment by counterfactual twin simulation that trials and compares different therapeutic approaches before clinical use. Blockchain enables the secure management of medical records through smart contracts for access control and consent management. At the same time, xAI provides explainability through interpretative diagnostic explanations, and AR offers immersive visualisation for patient education and surgical aid. Validation in a 50-patient, 20-device simulated hospital setting showed Blockchain maintained 500 safe transactions per second, Digital Twins maintained synchronisation accuracy greater than 99% and predictive accuracy greater than 90%, xAI provided interpretable diagnostics 94% accurate and with high clinician acceptance, and AR enhanced surgical accuracy by 38.8% and patient understanding by 38.5%. 

Keywords: Blockchain Integration; Digital Twins; Augmented Reality (AR); Healthcare System; Predictive Analytics; Data Security; Smart Contracts; Diagnostic Accuracy; Patient Engagement.

Received on: 22/10/2024, Revised on: 01/01/2025, Accepted on: 18/02/2025, Published on: 05/06/2025

DOI: 10.69888/FTSHSL.2025.000463

FMDB Transactions on Sustainable Health Science Letters, 2025 Vol. 3 No. 2, Pages: 114-124

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